地方政府土地出让干预对区域工业碳排放影响的对比分析——以中国8大经济区为例     

王博  吴天航  冯淑怡 《地理科学进展》2020,39(9):1436-1446

探讨不同区域地方政府干预对碳排放的影响差异,对于中国推进碳减排战略、协调区域经济社会发展具有重要意义。鉴于此,论文基于地方政府土地出让的视阈,以中国8大经济区为研究对象,有机耦合STIRPAT模型与CKC模型,构建形成STIRPAT拓展模型,并使用2007—2016年中国28个省(市、自治区)的工业面板数据,对比考察8大经济区政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响差异。结果表明:不同经济区的地方政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响存在显著差异。其中,同为CKC“倒N”型的北部沿海、南部沿海、长江中游经济区,其政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响呈现出北部沿海经济区为负、南部沿海经济区为正、长江中游经济区无显著影响的差异效果;同为CKC“倒U”型的东北、西南和西北经济区,其政府土地出让干预对区域碳排放的影响,东北和西南经济区都显著为负,西北经济区未表现出显著影响;同为CKC“U”型的东部沿海和黄河中游经济区,其政府土地出让干预对碳排放也呈现出前者为负、后者为正的相反影响。研究结果可为制定碳减排差别化政策、协调区域可持续发展提供参考。  相似文献   

“一带一路”背景下的中国与巴基斯坦的贸易关系演进及其影响因素     

宋周莺  祝巧玲 《地理科学进展》2020,39(11):1785-1797

中巴经济走廊是“一带一路”6大经济走廊之一,而贸易畅通是“一带一路”建设的核心环节。研究中巴贸易关系演变及其影响因素、分析其贸易潜力,对推进“一带一路”建设具有重要的示范作用。论文从中巴贸易发展态势、商品结构、空间格局等方面揭示中巴贸易关系,运用随机前沿引力模型分析中巴贸易关系的主要影响因素、并探析其发展潜力,以期为推进中巴经济走廊建设提供科学支撑。研究发现：① 中巴贸易发展迅速,中对巴贸易顺差持续扩大;中国主要出口机械及电气设备等资本密集型产品,主要进口纺织原料及纺织制品等初级产品和劳动密集型产品。② 中国各省份与巴基斯坦的贸易合作存在明显的空间差异,东部沿海省份与巴贸易联系较紧密,西部各省份除新疆外与巴基斯坦贸易额均较小。③ 中国多数省份对巴贸易商品结构发生显著变动,其中,新疆、山东等进出口商品结构多元的省份的变动相对较小。④ 中国各省份的经济发展水平和市场规模对中巴贸易拉动较强;海运距离对中巴贸易规模有显著的负向影响;领土接壤为中巴组织边境贸易提供了良好条件;铁路和水运口岸的建设对中巴贸易具有积极影响。⑤ 中国各省份与巴基斯坦均有较大贸易潜力,内蒙古、云南、广西、陕西等省份的合作潜力更明显。  相似文献   

Correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events over AD 1525–2000     

Fang  Xiuqi  Zheng  Xue  Zhang  Xing 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(1):103-118

ENSO is an interannual mode which may be affected by external forcing, such as volcanic eruptions. Based on the reconstructed volcanic eruptions chronology and ENSO sequences, both 195 large volcanic eruptions(VEI≥4) and 398 ENSO(El Ni?o and La Ni?a) events were extracted from 1525 to 2000. An analysis of the correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events was performed by matching the large volcanic eruptions with the types and magnitudes of ENSO events present in the 0–2 years after the eruptions. The results show the following:(1) The percentages of ENSO events within the 3 years after the large eruptions had increased to 68.3% from 31.7% compared with those with no-eruptions in the previous 0–2 years. In addition, the ratio of El Ni?o to La Ni?a events turned from 2:3 to 1:1, and more El Ni?o events occurred in the 0 year after eruptions in the low-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and in the tropics but more La Ni?a events occurred in the 0 year after in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.(2) After the eruptions, the weak(W) El Ni?o events had increased by 8 percentage points and the very strong(VS) El Ni?o events had decreased by 10 percentage points; conversely, there was a decrease by 15 percentage points of the weak La Ni?a events and an increase by 11.4 percentage points of the very strong La Ni?a events. Specifically, the percentages of strong La Ni?a events increased to a peak at 1(+1) year after the eruptions.(3) The percentage of eruptions followed by single-year ENSO was the greatest. The percentage of ENSO events that occurred in the consecutive 2 years following an eruption was approximately equal to the percentage of events that occurred consecutively 3 years following an eruption, and both sets of ENSO magnitudes showed a decreasing trend.  相似文献   

Analysis of city centrality based on entropy weight TOPSIS and population mobility:A case study of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt     

罗静  陈四云  孙璇  朱媛媛  曾菊新  陈广平 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(4):515-534

Based on statistical data and population flow data for 2016,and using entropy weight TOPSIS and the obstacle degree model,the centrality of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)together with the factors influencing centrality were measured.In addition,data for the population flow were used to analyze the relationships between cities and to verify centrality.The results showed that:(1)The pattern of centrality conforms closely to the pole-axis theory and the central geography theory.Two axes,corresponding to the Yangtze River and the Shanghai-Kunming railway line,interconnect cities of different classes.On the whole,the downstream cities have higher centrality,well-defined gradients and better development of city infrastructure compared with cities in the middle and upper reaches.(2)The economic scale and size of the population play a fundamental role in the centrality of cities,and other factors reflect differences due to different city classes.For most of the coastal cities or the capital cities in the central and western regions,factors that require long-term development such as industrial facilities,consumption,research and education provide the main competitive advantages.For cities that are lagging behind in development,transportation facilities,construction of infrastructure and fixed asset investment have become the main methods to achieve development and enhance competitiveness.(3)The mobility of city populations has a significant correlation with the centrality score,the correlation coefficients for the relationships between population mobility and centrality are all greater than 0.86(P<0.01).The population flow is mainly between high-class cities,or high-class and low-class cities,reflecting the high centrality and huge radiating effects of high-class cities.Furthermore,the cities in the YREB are closely linked to Guangdong and Beijing,reflecting the dominant economic status of Guangdong with its geographical proximity to the YREB and Beijing's enormous influence as the national political and cultural center,respectively.  相似文献   

Simulating cross-sectional geometry of the main channel in response to changes in water and sediment in Lower Yellow River     

Wang  Yanjun  Wu  Baosheng  Zhong  Deyu 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(12):2033-2052

Journal of Geographical Sciences - To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes, it is essential to (i) accurately identify how past...  相似文献   

A modified numerical model for moisture-salt transport in unsaturated sandy soil under evaporation     

Wei Wen  YuanMing Lai  ZheMin You 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(3):125-133

Soil salinization, caused by salt migration and accumulation underneath the soil surface, will corrode structures. To analyze the moisture-salt migration and salt precipitation in soil under evaporation conditions, a mathematical model consisting of a series of theoretical equations is briefly presented. The filling effect of precipitated salts on tortuosity factor and evaporation rate are taken into account in relevant equations. Besides, a transition equation to link the solute transport equation before and after salt precipitation is proposed. Meanwhile, a new relative humidity equation deduced from Pitzer ions model is used to modify the vapor transport flux equation. The results show that the calculated values are in good agreement with the published experimental data, especially for the simulation of volume water content and evaporation rate of Toyoura sand, which confirm the reliability and applicability of the proposed model.  相似文献   

Coupling numerical simulation with remotely sensed information for the study of frozen soil dynamics     

HuiRan Gao  WanChang Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(6):404-417

The acquisition of spatial-temporal information of frozen soil is fundamental for the study of frozen soil dynamics and its feedback to climate change in cold regions. With advancement of remote sensing and better understanding of frozen soil dynamics, discrimination of freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing and numerical simulation of frozen soil processes under water and heat transfer principles provides valuable means for regional and global frozen soil dynamic monitoring and systematic spatial-temporal responses to global change. However, as an important data source of frozen soil processes, remotely sensed information has not yet been fully utilized in the numerical simulation of frozen soil processes. Although great progress has been made in remote sensing and frozen soil physics, yet few frozen soil research has been done on the application of remotely sensed information in association with the numerical model for frozen soil process studies. In the present study, a distributed numerical model for frozen soil dynamic studies based on coupled water-heat transferring theory in association with remotely sensed frozen soil datasets was developed. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the simulation, the remotely sensed frozen soil information was used to monitor and modify relevant parameters in the process of model simulation. The remotely sensed information and numerically simulated spatial-temporal frozen soil processes were validated by in-situ field observations in cold regions near the town of Naqu on the East-Central Tibetan Plateau. The results suggest that the overall accuracy of the algorithm for discriminating freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing was more than 95%. These results provided an accurate initial freeze and thaw status of surface soil for coupling and calibrating the numerical model of this study. The numerically simulated frozen soil processes demonstrated good performance of the distributed numerical model based on the coupled water-heat transferring theory. The relatively larger uncertainties of the numerical model were found in alternating periods between freezing and thawing of surface soil. The average accuracy increased by about 5% after integrating remotely sensed information on the surface soil. The simulation accuracy was significantly improved, especially in transition periods between freezing and thawing of the surface soil.  相似文献   

利用GLAS激光测高数据评估DSM产品质量及精度优化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡柳茹  唐新明  李国元  付冬暇  窦显辉  赵世湖 《测绘通报》2019,(11):39-43

提出了一种利用卫星激光测高数据直接优化提升数字表面模型（DSM）产品精度的方法。选取境外中亚地区的资源三号DSM开展试验，通过采用多准则约束方法提取激光高程控制点，分别利用偏度、中值、线性、二次多项式等进行DSM误差修正，发现4种模型均能有效消除DSM系统误差，其中基于二次多项式的方法更适用于平地和丘陵地貌，线性模型更适用于高山地貌。试验验证了采用卫星激光测高数据优化境外DSM技术流程的可行性，最终可提高DSM的绝对高程精度。  相似文献   

Late Cambrian microbial build-ups,Llano Area,Central Texas: A three-phase morphological evolution     

Pankaj Khanna  Heath H. Hopson  André W. Droxler  Dylan A. Droxler  Daniel Lehrmann  Brian Kubik  Jacob Proctor  Pulkit Singh  Paul M. Harris 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1135-1160

Although Late Cambrian microbial build-ups were recognized in the Point Peak Member of the Wilberns Formation in Central Texas (USA) nearly 70 years ago, only a few studies focused specifically on the build-ups themselves. This study focuses on the interpretation of the regional (15 measured sections described in literature representing an area of 8000 km²) and local (field and drone photogrammetry studies in a 25 km² area from within south Mason County) microbial build-up occurrence, describes their growth phases and details their interactions with the surrounding inter-build-up sediments. The study establishes the occurrence of microbial build-ups in the lower and upper Point Peak members (the Point Peak Member is informally broken up into the lower Point Peak and the upper Point Peak members separated by Plectotrophia zone). The lower Point Peak Member consists of three <1 m thick microbial bioherms and biostrome units, in addition to heterolithic and skeletal/ooid grainstone and packstone beds. One, up to 14 m thick, microbial unit associated with inter-build-up skeletal and ooid grainstone and packstone beds, intercalated with mixed siliciclastic–carbonate silt beds, characterizes the upper Point Peak member. The microbial unit in the upper Point Peak member displays a three-phase growth evolution, from an initial colonization phase on flat based, rip-up clast lenses, to a second aggradation and lateral expansion phase, into a third well-defined capping phase. The ultimate demise of the microbial build-ups is interpreted to have been triggered by an increase of water turbidity caused by a sudden influx of fine siliciclastics. The lower Point Peak member represents inner ramp shallow subtidal and intertidal facies and the upper Point Peak member corresponds to mid-outer ramp subtidal facies. Understanding the morphological architecture and depositional context of these features is of importance for identifying signatures of early life on Earth.  相似文献   

中国海域1:100万区域地质调查主要成果与认识          下载免费PDF全文

秦绪文  石显耀  张勇  李学杰  李军  肖桂义  许振强  王宏斌  吕文超  吴浩  姚永坚  尚鲁宁  杨楚鹏  王中波  高红芳  王明健  密蓓蓓  钟和贤  胡刚  陈泓君  黄龙  罗伟东  梅西  徐子英  田陟贤  王忠蕾 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1355-1369

中国海域及邻区是建设“21世纪海上丝绸之路”、打造海洋命运共同体和推动可持续发展的关键地区，也是地球科学最具有典型性和代表性的研究区域之一。中国管辖海域1：100万区域地质调查是一项以国家需求为导向、以解决重大地球系统科学问题为目标的基础性公益性工作。中国地质调查局通过近20年的持续调查，实现了对中国管辖海域1：100万区域地质调查的全面覆盖，系统地获取了海洋地质和地球物理基础数据，形成了基于实测数据的“一图一库一报告”，大幅提升了中国海洋地质调查工作程度。这项工作填补了中国小比例尺海洋地质国情调查的空白，初步摸清了中国管辖海域地质环境条件和资源环境潜力，取得了一批原创性的认识，为建设海洋强国提供了详实可靠的地质资料，为提升区域地质科学的认知水平奠定了坚实基础。  相似文献